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Researchers in mRNA win a Nobel Prize, cracks show in global support for Ukraine, and a quiet supers͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌ 
 
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October 2, 2023
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Americas Morning Edition
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The World Today

  1. mRNA wins Nobel Prize
  2. US shutdown averted
  3. Cracks in Ukraine’s support
  4. China slows Asia growth
  5. Drought hits Panama Canal
  6. UN votes on Haiti mission
  7. Japan, China’s railway wars
  8. India space industry booms
  9. Authoritarianism drives VPNs
  10. A quiet supersonic jet

PLUS: The London Review of Substacks, and an Indian adaptation of a Japanese novel is a Netflix hit.

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1

Nobel awarded for mRNA research

REUTERS/Tom Little

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to two scientists who helped pave the way for mRNA vaccines. Katalin KarikĂł and Drew Weissman made breakthroughs in methods for modifying nucleotide bases, the building blocks of our genes, allowing scientists to build custom sequences of RNA. The technology was crucial in developing COVID-19 vaccines and is credited with saving millions of lives. The prize, created by Alfred Nobel in 1901 to honor great achievements in science, also comes with a $1 million award. The Swedish king will present the prizes on December 10 in Stockholm.

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2

Shutdown averted but challenges await

REUTERS/Ken Cedeno

U.S. Republican leadership faces a challenge from its hardliners after teaming up with Democrats to avert a government shutdown. House Speaker Kevin McCarthy dropped Republican demands in order to pass a 45-day stopgap bill. But Republican right-wingers rebelled, and it only passed with Democratic votes. The move split the party: One outspoken hardliner, Matt Gaetz, threatened to oust McCarthy. The Democrats now have a difficult choice, reported Politico. Supporting McCarthy would be politically painful, but getting rid of him would mean chaos just as the White House is trying to fund aid for Ukraine and avoid a new shutdown. President Joe Biden said in an interview with ProPublica that the fight was “the last gasp” of Trumpist MAGA Republicans, saying they were attacking “the institutions of democracy.”

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3

US vote highlights Western divisions

The battle to avert a U.S. government shutdown offered renewed evidence of fracturing Western support for Ukraine. A temporary government funding bill passed by Congress did not include any aid for Ukraine, leading one Ukrainian lawmaker to tell Semafor’s Morgan Chalfant: “I am in despair.” Though support for Kyiv over Moscow’s invasion remains largely bipartisan, some hardline Republicans have voiced increasingly loud opposition. Elsewhere, a populist party that ran on a platform of ending military support for Ukraine won Slovakia’s parliamentary election, while Kyiv was today negotiating with Budapest — whose Prime Minister Viktor Orban has been more openly pro-Russian than his European counterparts — to win Hungary’s support for a new tranche of weapons financing, Politico reported.

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4

China slowdown drags Asia economy

Developing countries in Asia — expected to help power the global economy — will grow at among their lowest rates since the 1960s, thanks in large part to a sharp slowdown in China, the World Bank forecast. The Washington-based lender cut its projections for both this year and next, voicing concern over high levels of debt across the region as well as increasing trade restrictions. The new report is the latest that points to the fallout from economic struggles in China, which is grappling with record-high youth unemployment, a sprawling property-sector crisis, and reduced inbound investment: New data showed that foreign investors dumped Chinese shares in the last quarter at the highest rate since 2014.

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5

Drought curbs Panama crossings

REUTERS/Carlos Lemos

Daily ship crossings of the Panama Canal, through which 40% of the United States’ container traffic passes, will be reduced again in response to a severe drought. Typically, up to 38 vessels cross the canal every day, but plummeting water levels on the lakes that the canal’s locks rely on have forced Panamanian authorities to cut daily crossings to 31. The drought, fueled by the climate phenomenon El Niño, is expected to worsen at the start of next year. The cut could also have a destabilizing impact on the Central American country’s economy: Panama generates almost 7% of its GDP from canal operations alone.

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6

UN votes on Haiti police mission

The United Nations Security Council votes today on the deployment of a foreign police force to Haiti. The operation, led by Kenya and which Haiti has sought since last year, aims to combat the gangs that have taken control over the vast majority of Haiti’s capital and which have recently begun expanding across the country. The proposal could mark a rare sign of unity within the council, where divisions are solidifying between its permanent members: Despite the resolution being drafted by the United States, China and Russia may let it pass without vetoing. The U.N. chief has called on nations “to build on this new momentum.”

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7

Southeast Asia’s first fast rail line

Southeast Asia’s first high-speed rail service opened today, cutting travel time between Indonesia’s capital and a nearby city from three hours to 40 minutes. The $7.3 billion line is four years behind schedule and $3 billion over budget. It was part of China’s Belt and Road initiative. But China is increasingly withdrawing from overseas infrastructure spending with Japan becoming the biggest investor in Asian rail networks: Last year, Bangladesh opened its first metro rail line, backed by Japanese funding in a low-interest loan. Tokyo, however, takes a different approach from Beijing. Nikkei reported in 2019 that Japan tends to build shorter, busier rail to reduce traffic in urban areas, rather than big-ticket high-speed intercity lines.

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8

India’s space successes

ISRO/Instagram

An Indian spaceship left Earth’s gravitational influence on its journey to the sun. Aditya, named for the Hindu sun god, launched on Sept. 2, and will observe the outer layers of the sun’s atmosphere. Indian space science is having a moment: The country recently became only the fourth to land a spacecraft on the moon, and the first to reach its south pole. Although there was disappointment when it lost contact with its lunar rover, the mission achieved expectations. And the Indian private space sector is booming: Phys.org reported that there are now 190 Indian space startups, double the number a year ago, with investment up 77%.

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9

VPN use grows as web freedom slides

Virtual private networks — which encrypt users’ IP addresses, allowing them to hide their location — are fast growing in popularity, driven in part by online censorship. They allow remote workers or those in satellite offices of overseas businesses to access data securely, but also make it harder for third parties — such as governments — to obtain or censor that data. An estimated 1.6 billion people now use VPNs, Nikkei reported, “a reaction to governments’ increasing interference with the internet.” VPNs are widely used in authoritarian countries but are also growing in popularity in democracies such as Australia and the U.K., which are passing legislation giving authorities access to encrypted data in messaging apps and browsing history.

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10

Quiet supersonic jet nears first test

Lockheed Martin/Twitter

A near-silent supersonic plane will make its first test flight early next year. Supersonic air travel failed to take off following the struggles of the Concorde, whose sonic boom was so loud that it was banned from flying over land. The Lockheed X-59, a slender paper-dart-shaped aircraft, was computer-designed to optimize the plane’s shape to reduce the boom: NASA’s original 2016 brief for the aircraft was that it should be no louder, to people on the ground, than briefly hearing a dishwasher. Concorde was the equivalent of a chainsaw at full power, according to Fast Company. The X-59 will not be as fast as Concorde — a cruising speed of 925 mph compared to 1,350 mph — but its designers hope it will render supersonic travel viable once more.

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Flagging
  • Former U.S. President Donald Trump is expected to attend the start of a civil trial in New York over whether he and his sons inflated the value of their property assets.
  • France starts vaccinating ducks against bird flu virus, the first poultry-exporting country to launch such a nationwide vaccination campaign.
  • Late-night TV show hosts including Jimmy Kimmel are back on air for the first time since the writers’ strike began in May.
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LRS

Vox populi

On October 14, Australians will vote in a referendum on whether to reform their constitution to enshrine an “Aboriginal Voice” in Parliament. The campaign has been controversial. That is, the Australian-Jewish writer Misha Saul argues, because its whole premise is confused: The vote is being sold as “a way to improve the miserable lot of Australian Aborigines,” but the problems facing Aboriginal populations are so profound that Australians find it hard to believe that a change to the constitution is likely to make any difference.

What the referendum is really about, he says, is sovereignty for the Aboriginal people. “Aboriginal leaders seek self-government,” says Saul. “This isn’t a secret. Aborigines were here first. The British came and claimed this land … and the first peoples are left on the destitute fringes.” Instead of the Voice, a mere “race-based committee as an appendage to Australia’s constitution,” Australian Aborigines should take the Jews’ example, and call for an actual nation: “Where is the Aboriginal nationalist ready to build the Aboriginal Israel?”

Vax unpopuli

Vaccines were never uncontroversial. But up until the pandemic they didn’t occupy quite so much of the public conversation as they do now. People who aren’t familiar with how vaccines work might be forgiven for finding all the headlines a bit alarming — especially if they’re pregnant, or have a young child, and are trying to work out what’s best.

Routine childhood vaccinations “have been standard, in many cases, for decades [and] saved literally thousands, perhaps millions, of lives,” says Emily Oster, a data-led parenting expert. “And, yes, they still make some people nervous.” She talks through whether it’s worth getting vaccines in pregnancy, to pass on antibodies and to protect the mother, and which vaccines are most important to get for your young children.

Primary colors

There’s some talk in Democratic circles of a primary challenge to Joe Biden. An outlier poll suggested he was running behind Donald Trump, and people are worried about his age: He’d be 86 at the end of his second term. But, the political analyst Nate Silver argues, a challenge is probably a bad idea.

Incumbent presidents who have faced primary challenges tend to lose. That’s not necessarily a sign that the challenge causes the loss: Presidents are more likely to face a challenge if they’re losing. But the media storm, and the lack of time to vet and select suitable challengers, make it a bad idea — especially since the challenge would probably fail, leaving Biden still the nominee but more damaged. “Biden may or may not be the best choice,” says Silver, “but at this point the Democrats’ choice has largely already been made.”

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Curio
Netflix India/Youtube

An Indian adaptation of a Japanese novel is the top non-English film on Netflix this week. Sujoy Ghosh’s Jaane Jaan is based on The Devotion of Suspect X, a best-selling thriller by Keigo Higashino that has already inspired films in Japan, South Korea, and China. The casting and cinematography are the latest movie’s strengths, one reviewer noted in Scroll.in, citing strong performances from actors including Bollywood superstar Kareena Kapoor Khan. “Ghosh’s movie localises a classically Japanese tale of selfless love, duty and sacrifice,” wrote film editor Nandini Ramnath.

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