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In today’s edition, we have a scoop on the terms of Amazon’s payments to Adept, which the co-founder͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌  ͏‌ 
 
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August 2, 2024
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Technology

Technology
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Reed Albergotti
Reed Albergotti

Hi, and welcome back to Semafor Tech.

Over the course of about 20 years, tech companies took over the world, becoming the biggest, most valuable, and most powerful corporate entities on the planet.

Partly because of that success, everyone turned against them: Republicans, Democrats, journalists, activists. Nobody likes Big Tech these days.

And now that general-purpose AI models like GPT-4 have captured our collective imaginations, there are worries that Big Tech will become even bigger, and even more powerful. That is evident in recent news of Microsoft and Amazon poaching essentially entire staffs of AI startups without even acquiring them (the subject of today’s scoop below). Those moves drew immediate regulatory and media scrutiny.

But maybe critics are looking at it the wrong way. As this week’s earnings reports showed, these companies are being forced to spend billions on infrastructure and energy in order to stay in the AI race, and it’s impossible to know if there will be a commensurate payoff at the end.

That money isn’t just going off into the ether. It’s feeding a new ecosystem of tech startups focusing on solving hard, but unsexy problems (see this week’s story on Anyscale).

And there’s no way this could have happened if tech companies hadn’t grown so big and hoarded so much cash. It’s as if they’ve been fattening themselves up just for this occasion.

Venture capital just wasn’t built to fund projects on the scale of foundation models in AI. That’s why companies like OpenAI and Anthropic have had to turn to Microsoft, Amazon, and Google for cash and cloud credits.

Standing in the way might be counterproductive. It would force big tech companies to spend less on massive AI projects and slow down the pace of innovation, preserving the status quo.

If they succeed at building some kind of AGI, existing antitrust laws will still apply. If they don’t, there may not be any need to cut them down to size.

Move Fast/Break Things

➚ MOVE FAST: Open rivalry. Microsoft now considers OpenAI a competitor when it comes to search and advertising, as well as AI, according to a recent SEC filing. That framing comes as their partnership draws more antitrust scrutiny. And it does reflect reality: Although Microsoft is OpenAI’s largest investor, it builds products that directly compete with it too. Last week, OpenAI released SearchGPT, a rival to Microsoft’s Bing search engine.

➘ BREAK THINGS: Closed competition. Industry critics, like the Tech Oversight Project and Open Markets Institute, are adding to the antitrust pile on for Nvidia. They argue that it dominates the AI chip industry, and unfairly controls computational power at the expense of national security. Despite export controls, Nvidia provides top-end GPUs to China and its allies, like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, they say.

Ann Wang/File Photo/Reuters
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Artificial Flavor

One brave man has sat through the world’s first dental procedure performed by an AI robot. He agreed to have his tooth drilled for a crown replacement to test out new technology developed by Perceptive, a Boston-based dental health robotics startup.

It built a handheld device that scans a patient’s mouth to get a three-dimensional map of their teeth. These images are then passed to AI algorithms that are designed to spot problems and suggest treatments. A robotic arm carrying dental instruments then uses the data to perform the procedure.

CEO ​​Chris Ciriello said the technology will improve care and make it more accessible.

Perceptive

If Perceptive gets it right (and its technology is officially approved by the FDA), it promises to reduce time spent at the dentist. It hopes its robots can install a crown in 15 minutes, versus two hour-long office visits, the company said.

The startup recently came out of stealth mode, quietly raising $30 million so far from investors like Y Combinator and Ed Zuckerberg, who happens to be Mark Zuckerberg’s dad and a dentist, according to Stat.

Katyanna Quach

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Reed Albergotti

Investors in Adept AI will recoup their investment

Investors in Adept, an AI startup whose top employees were hired away by Amazon in June, will get their money back even though ownership of the company hasn’t changed, according to people briefed on the matter.

Adept, which still retains about a third of its employees, will receive around $25 million, while investors like Greylock and General Catalyst, who put $414 million into the company, will roughly recoup their investment. Founded by top researchers from OpenAI and Google, the startup was most recently valued at $1 billion.

The terms of Amazon’s mass hiring will be of interest to regulators weighing whether the poaching amounted to an acquisition of Adept, but circumvented merger notification rules since the startup’s owners remain the same. The US Federal Trade Commission has sent a list of questions to Amazon inquiring about the details of its Adept relationship, Reuters first reported and Semafor has confirmed.

Andrew Kelly/Reuters

The FTC is already probing a similar deal — Microsoft’s March hiring of most of the employees at Inflection AI, including its co-founder, Mustafa Suleyman. Microsoft agreed to pay Inflection $650 million in licensing fees for its technology.

Adept was working on building advanced, general intelligence AI models and agents capable of carrying out autonomous tasks. But its ambitious plans were burdened by the skyrocketing costs of training AI models. Instead of pursuing its effort to make general intelligence breakthroughs, it chose instead to focus on products it can sell to businesses today, the company said in a blog post when Amazon made the hires.

The company’s co-founders, who include former OpenAI Vice President of Engineering David Luan, decided they could better pursue those advances inside Amazon, which has a growing team focused on building artificial general intelligence. They brought the bulk of the company’s talented researchers with them.

But unlike a typical “acqui-hire,” where a tech company buys a startup in order to get sought-after employees, Amazon didn’t actually acquire Adept and didn’t directly pay investors.

Adept’s co-founders didn’t want their backers to lose money, so they arranged for them to be made whole using funds paid by Amazon. The process was overseen by Luan, according to some of the people familiar with the matter. He did not return requests for comment.

Amazon said in a previous statement that it doesn’t consider it an acquisition because it wasn’t interested in owning Adept’s business and technology.

It is difficult to put a value on AI models themselves. Because the technology is changing so fast, current leading models are likely to quickly become obsolete. In order to build AGI, Amazon will need to build models much larger, more expensive and likely more technologically advanced than what Adept has already created.

Reed’s view on why Amazon’s rationale on Adept should be taken at face value. →

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Semafor Stat

The number of Class A shares Google parent Alphabet owns in CrowdStrike, the cybersecurity firm responsible for a massive global IT outage that affected about 8.5 million devices. That pares its holdings, revealed in a regulatory filing on Friday, by about half as of June 30. That means Alphabet cut its exposure just in time. CrowdStrike has seen its stock fall by about 45% since the debacle on July 19, which was caused by a buggy software update.

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What We’re Tracking
Wikimedia Commons

Top AI music startups Udio and Suno are humming a carefree tune. The two have raised a combined $135 million so far, believing that using audio data from the internet to train their algorithms is protected under fair use.

They face a copyright infringement lawsuit from major record labels: Universal Music Group, Warner Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment. It’s the latest attempt to rein in companies building generative AI.

News publishers and writers have sued OpenAI and Meta for scraping text, while artists have sued Stable Diffusion and Midjourney for scraping images to train their models. Now, audio data is under scrutiny. Udio and Suno have argued that their software is not too dissimilar from human musicians, who learn different styles and genres by listening to music to create their own tracks.

“Those genres and styles — the recognizable sounds of opera, or jazz, or rap music — are not something that anyone owns,” Suno said in court documents. To avoid copyright lawsuits, OpenAI has struck multiple licensing agreements with publishers; it’s not clear whether the same thing will happen with record studios.

The next AI copyright battle will be video — if and when major film studios find that their content has been used to train models like those used by Runway. Last week, it was revealed by 404 Media that the video-generation startup had downloaded thousands of YouTube videos and pirated movies.

Katyanna Quach

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